This day in history May 11, 2020-chess computers
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Started by metmike - May 11, 2020, 1:34 a.m.

Read and learn about history. Pick out a good one for us!


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_11


  • 1997 – Deep Blue, a chess-playing supercomputer, defeats Garry Kasparov in the last game of the rematch, becoming the first computer to beat a world-champion chess player in a classic match format.[24]
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By metmike - May 11, 2020, 1:36 a.m.
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Game 6 of the Deep Blue–Kasparov rematch, played in New York City on May 11, 1997 and starting at 3:00 p.m. EDT, was the last chess game in the 1997 rematch of Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov.

Deep Blue had been further strengthened from the previous year's match with Kasparov and was unofficially nicknamed "Deeper Blue". Before this game the score was tied at 2½–2½: Kasparov had won the first game, lost the second game, and drawn games 3, 4, and 5 (after having advantageous positions in all three).

The loss marked the first time that a computer had defeated a World Champion in a match of several games. This, as well as the fact that Kasparov had lasted only 19 moves in a game lasting barely more than an hour, attracted much media attention. 


IBM's Deep Blue

World Champion Garry Kasparov

By metmike - May 11, 2020, 1:44 a.m.
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https://thebestschools.org/magazine/brief-history-of-computer-chess/

History of Chess Playing Computers – 1950 to 1990

  • 1950 -- Claude Shannon publishes "Programming a Computer for Playing Chess", one of the first papers on the problem of computer chess.
  • 1951 -- Alan Turing is first to publish a program, developed on paper, that was capable of playing a full game of chess.
  • 1952 -- Dietrich Prinz develops a program that solves chess problems.
  • 1956 -- Los Alamos chess is the first program to play a chess-like game, developed by Paul Stein and Mark Wells for the MANIAC I computer.
  • 1956 -- John McCarthy invents the alpha-beta search algorithm.
  • 1957 -- The first programs that can play a full game of chess are developed, one by Alex Bernstein and one by Russian programmers using a BESM.
  • 1958 -- NSS becomes the first chess program to use the alpha-beta search algorithm.
  • 1962 -- The first program to play credibly, Kotok-McCarthy, is published at MIT.
  • 1963 -- Grandmaster David Bronstein defeats an M-20 running an early chess program.
  • 1966–67 -- The first chess match between computer programs is played. Moscow Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) defeats Kotok-McCarthy at Stanford University by telegraph over nine months.
  • 1967 -- Mac Hack Six, by Richard Greenblatt et al. introduces transposition tables and becomes the first program to defeat a person in tournament play chessville.
  • 1968 -- David Levy makes a bet with AI researchers that no computer program would win a chess match against him within 10 years.
  • 1970 -- The first year of the ACM North American Computer Chess Championships.
  • 1974 -- Kaissa wins the first World Computer Chess Championship.
  • 1977 -- The first microcomputer chess playing machines, CHESS CHALLENGER and BORIS, were created.
  • 1977 -- The International Computer Chess Association is established.
  • 1977 -- Chess 4.6 becomes the first chess computer to be successful at a major chess tournament.
  • 1978 -- David Levy wins the bet made 10 years earlier, defeating Chess 4.7 in a six-game match by a score of 4½–1½. The computer's victory in game four is the first defeat of a human master in a tournament.
  • 1980 -- The first year of the World Microcomputer Chess Championship.
  • 1980 -- The USCF prohibits computers from competing in human tournaments except when represented by the chess systems' creators.
  • 1980 -- The Fredkin Prize is established.
  • 1981 -- Cray Blitz wins the Mississippi State Championship with a perfect 5–0 score and a performance rating of 2258. In round 4 it defeats Joe Sentef (2262) to become the first computer to beat a master in tournament play and the first computer to gain a master rating.
  • 1982 -- Ken Thompson's hardware chess player Belle earns a US master title.
  • 1983 -- David Horne releases 1K ZX Chess, which uses only 672 bytes of RAM, for the Sinclair ZX81.
  • 1988 -- HiTech, developed by Hans Berliner and Carl Ebeling, wins a match against grandmaster Arnold Denker 3½–½.
  • 1988 -- Deep Thought shares first place with Tony Miles in the Software Toolworks Championship, ahead of former world champion Mikhail Tal and several grandmasters including Samuel Reshevsky, Walter Browne and Mikhail Gurevich. It also defeats grandmaster Bent Larsen, making it the first computer to beat a GM in a tournament. Its rating for performance in this tournament of 2745 (USCF scale) was the highest obtained by a computer player.
  • 1989 -- Deep Thought loses two exhibition games to Garry Kasparov, the reigning world champion.
  • (source: Wikipedia)
By metmike - May 11, 2020, 1:46 a.m.
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History of Chess Playing Computers – 1991 to Present

(source: Wikipedia)

  • 2002 -- Vladimir Kramnik draws an eight-game match against Deep Fritz.
  • 2003 -- Kasparov draws a six-game match against Deep Junior.
  • 2003 -- Kasparov draws a four-game match against X3D Fritz.
  • 2004 -- a team of computers (Hydra, Deep Junior and Fritz), wins 8½–3½ against a rather strong human team formed by Veselin Topalov, Ruslan Ponomariov and Sergey Karjakin, who had an average Elo rating of 2681.
  • 2005 -- Hydra defeats Michael Adams 5½–½.
  • 2005 -- Rybka wins the IPCCC tournament and very quickly afterwards becomes the strongest engine.
  • 2006 -- the undisputed world champion, Vladimir Kramnik, is defeated 4–2 by Deep Fritz.
  • 2009 -- Pocket Fritz 4 wins Copa Mercosur 9½/10.
  • 2010 -- Before the World chess championship, Topalov prepares by sparring against the supercomputer Blue Gene with 8,192 processors capable of 500 trillion (5 × 1014) floating point operations per second.
  • 2011 -- the controversial decision to strip Rybka of its WCCC titles was made when the ICGA concluded they had sufficient evidence of plagiarism.
By metmike - May 11, 2020, 1:47 a.m.
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As computer chess programs now routinely beat Grand Masters, we've entered a new era in the decades long fascination with chess playing computers---or rather, we've closed out the era. In the oft quoted observation by McGill computer scientist after Deep Fritz vanquished Kramnik in 2006: “the science is done.” What remains, then, of the future of chess?

Mobile-phone-ChessMoving forward, there are a number of developments that involve the use of computer systems to enhance human play, rather than pitting man against machine. Kasparov coined the term “advanced chess” to describe a human to human matchup, where both humans have access to the recommendations of a chess playing computer program