This day in history September/October 2020
28 responses | 0 likes
Started by metmike - Sept. 6, 2020, 12:04 a.m.

Read and learn about history. Pick out a good one for us!


September 5th


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_5


1960   – Muhammad Ali (then known as Cassius Clay) wins the gold medal in the light heavyweight boxing competition at the Olympic Games in Rome.


1978Camp David Accords: Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat begin peace discussions at Camp David, Maryland.


1996Hurricane Fran makes landfall near Cape Fear, North Carolina as a Category 3 storm with 115 mph sustained winds. Fran caused over $3 billion in damage and killed 27 people.

Comments
By metmike - Sept. 6, 2020, 12:09 a.m.
Like Reply

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali


"Cassius Clay" and "Mohammad Ali" redirect here. For other uses, see Cassius Clay (disambiguation) and Mohammad Ali (disambiguation).

 

    Medal record[hide]
    
US National Championships
Chicago Golden Gloves
Intercity Golden Gloves
Olympic Games
Representing   United States 
Men's amateur boxing

Gold medal – first place 1960 Rome Light-heavyweight
Gold medal – first place 1959 ChicagoLight-heavyweight
Gold medal – first place 1960 New YorkHeavyweight
Gold medal – first place 1959 ChicagoLight-heavyweight
Gold medal – first place 1960 ChicagoLight-heavyweight
Gold medal – first place 1959 ToledoLight-heavyweight
Gold medal – first place 1960 ToledoLight-heavyweight
Boxing record
Statistics
Muhammad Ali
Muhammad Ali NYWTS.jpgAli in 1967
BornCassius Marcellus Clay Jr.
January 17, 1942
Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.
DiedJune 3, 2016 (aged 74)
Scottsdale, Arizona, U.S.
Resting placeCave Hill Cemetery, Louisville, Kentucky
Monuments
EducationCentral High School (1958)
Spouse(s)
Children9, including Laila Ali
Parent(s)
RelativesRahman Ali (brother)
AwardsAwards and accolades
Boxing career
Weight(s)Heavyweight
Height6 ft 3 in (191 cm)[2]
Reach78 in (198 cm)[2]
StanceOrthodox
Total fights61
Wins56
Wins by KO37
Losses5

Websitemuhammadali.com

Muhammad Ali (/ɑːˈl/;[3] born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.;[4] January 17, 1942 – June 3, 2016) was an American professional boxer, activist, and philanthropist. Nicknamed "The Greatest", he is widely regarded as one of the most significant and celebrated figures of the 20th century and as one of the greatest boxers of all time.

By metmike - Sept. 7, 2020, 2:01 a.m.
Like Reply

I missed this one to start the month!

      Started by metmike - Sept. 1, 2019, 11:27 a.m.            

                                        

Welcome to September!  Read and learn about history and pick out a good one. Active day for sure!!!


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_1


1859 – One of the largest coronal mass ejections ever recorded, later to be known as the Carrington Event, occurs.


1939   – Adolf Hitler signs an order to begin the systematic euthanasia of mentally ill and disabled people.

1941 – 2,500 Jews  shot in Ostroh, Ukraine.


1972 – In Reykjavík, Iceland, American Bobby Fischer beats Russian Boris Spassky to become the world chess champion.


1974 – The SR-71 Blackbird sets (and holds) the record for flying from New York to London in the time of 1 hour, 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds at a speed of 1,435.587 miles per hour (2,310.353 km/h).

                    


By metmike - Sept. 7, 2020, 2:04 a.m.
Like Reply

Bobby Fischer


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Fischer


World Chess Championship 1972


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Championship_1972


Wonderful story about the world chess champ:

Mozart of Chess: Magnus Carlsen


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qc_v9mTfhC8



One of the world's greastest female chess players, great documentary:


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wzs33wvr9E

By metmike - Sept. 7, 2020, 2:08 a.m.
Like Reply

Solar storm of 1859

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_storm_of_1859

The solar storm of 1859 (also known as the Carrington Event)[1] was a powerful geomagnetic storm during solar cycle 10 (1855–1867). A solar coronal mass ejection (CME) hit Earth's magnetosphere and induced one of the largest geomagnetic storms on record, September 1–2, 1859. The associated "white light flare" in the solar photosphere was observed and recorded by British astronomers Richard C. Carrington (1826–1875) and Richard Hodgson (1804–1872).  The storm caused strong auroral displays and wrought havoc with telegraph systems. The now-standard unique IAU identifier for this flare is SOL1859-09-01.

A solar storm of this magnitude occurring today would cause widespread electrical disruptions, blackouts and damage due to extended outages of the electrical grid.[2][3] The solar storm of 2012 was of similar magnitude, but it passed Earth's orbit without striking the planet, missing by nine days.

On September 1–2, 1859, one of the largest recorded geomagnetic storms (as recorded by ground-based magnetometers) occurred. Auroras were seen around the world, those in the northern hemisphere as far south as the Caribbean; those over the Rocky Mountains in the U.S. were so bright that the glow woke gold miners, who began preparing breakfast because they thought it was morning.[7] People in the northeastern United States could read a newspaper by the aurora's light.[13] The aurora was visible from the poles to the low latitude area,[14] such as south-central Mexico,[15]Queensland, Cuba, Hawaii,[16] southern Japan and China,[17] and even at lower latitudes very close to the equator, such as in Colombia.[18] Estimates of the storm strength range from −800 nT to −1750 nT.[19]

Telegraph systems all over Europe and North America failed, in some cases giving telegraph operators electric shocks.[20] Telegraph pylons threw sparks.[21] Some telegraph operators could continue to send and receive messages despite having disconnected their power supplies.[22]

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


What Was The Carrington Event?


I’m talking about solar storms, of course, tremendous blasts of particles and radiation from the Sun which can interact with the Earth’s magnetosphere and overwhelm anything with a wire.




Aurora activity erupted across the entire planet. We’re not talking about those rare Northern Lights enjoyed by the Alaskans, Canadians and Northern Europeans in the audience. We’re talking about everyone, everywhere on Earth. Even in the tropics.

In fact, the brilliant auroras were so bright you could read a book to them.


The beautiful night time auroras was just one effect from the monster solar flare. The other impact was that telegraph lines and electrical grids were overwhelmed by the electricity pushed through their wires. Operators got electrical shocks from their telegraph machines, and the telegraph paper lit on fire.

What happened? The most powerful solar flare ever observed is what happened.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

The solar storm of 2012 that almost sent us back to a post-apocalyptic Stone Age

https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/186805-the-solar-storm-of-2012-that-almost-sent-us-back-to-a-post-apocalyptic-stone-age


                                       A solar flare captured by the Solar Dynamics Observatory, with Earth for scale                               

While you didn’t see it, feel it, or even read about it in the newspapers, Earth was almost knocked back to the Stone Age on July 23, 2012. It wasn’t some crazed dictator with his finger on the thermonuclear button or a giant asteroid that came close to wiping out civilization as we know it, though — no, what nearly ended us was a massive solar storm. Almost two years ago to the day, our most bounteous and fantastical celestial body — the Sun — kicked out one of the largest solar flares and coronal mass ejections ever recorded. And it missed Earth by a whisker. “If it had hit, we would still be picking up the pieces,” says Daniel Baker, who led the research into the massive storm.



The interdependency of different systems in the US. If the power fails, so does everything else.

Power systems that would be affected by a large geomagnetic storm in the US

         +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

We had a near miss in 2012!

Solar storm of 2012


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_storm_of_2012

The solar storm of 2012 was an unusually large and strong coronal mass ejection (CME) event that occurred on July 23 that year. It missed the Earth with a margin of approximately nine days, as the equator of the Sun rotates around its own axis with a period of about 25 days.[1] The region that produced the outburst was thus not pointed directly towards the Earth at that time. The strength of the eruption was comparable to the 1859 Carrington event that caused damage to electric equipment worldwide, which at that time consisted mostly of telegraph stations.[2]

The eruption tore through Earth's orbit, hitting the STEREO-A spacecraft. The spacecraft is a solar observatory equipped to measure such activity, and  because it was far away from the Earth and thus not exposed to the strong electrical currents that can be induced when a CME hits the Earth's magnetosphere,[2] it survived the encounter and provided researchers with valuable data.

                                    ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

The Carrington Event: September 1st, 1859

https://wattsupwiththat.com/2020/09/03/the-carrington-event_-september-1-1859/


Three New EMP Commission Reports Released

https://michaelmabee.info/three-new-emp-commission-reports-released/

On May 8, 2018 the Department of Defense released three new EMP Commissionreports.  The “Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack” is a Congressional chartered commission that has been studying EMP, GMD and other threats to the electric grid and critical infrastructures since 2000.


                                    

By metmike - Sept. 8, 2020, 2:27 a.m.
Like Reply

September 7th:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_7



1927 – The first fully electronic television system is achieved by Philo Farnsworth.


1963 – The Pro Football Hall of Fame opens in Canton, Ohio with 17 charter members.


2008 – The United States government takes control of the two largest mortgage financing companies in the US, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

By metmike - Sept. 8, 2020, 2:30 a.m.
Like Reply

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth


Philo Taylor Farnsworth (August 19, 1906 – March 11, 1971) was an American inventor and television pioneer.[2][3] He made many crucial contributions to the early development of all-electronic television.[4] He is best known for his 1927 invention of the first fully functional all-electronic image pickup device (video camera tube), the image dissector, as well as the first fully functional and complete all-electronic television system.[5][6] Farnsworth developed a television system complete with receiver and camera—which he produced commercially through the Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation from 1938 to 1951, in Fort Wayne, Indiana.[7][8]

In later life, Farnsworth invented a small nuclear fusion device, the Farnsworth–Hirsch fusor, employing inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC). It was not a practical device for generating nuclear power, though it provides a viable source of neutrons.[9]  The design of this device has been the inspiration for other fusion approaches, including the Polywell reactor concept.[10]  Farnsworth held 300 patents, mostly in radio and television.

By metmike - Sept. 8, 2020, 2:31 a.m.
Like Reply


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame

The Pro Football Hall of Fame is the hall of fame for professional American football, located in Canton, Ohio. Opened in 1963, the Hall of Fame enshrines exceptional figures in the sport of professional football, including players, coaches, franchise owners, and front-office personnel, almost all of whom made their primary contributions to the game in the National Football League (NFL); the Hall inducts between four and eight new enshrinees each year.

As of 2020, there are a total of 346 members of the Hall of Fame,[2] 189 of whom are living. Members are referred to as "Gold Jackets" due to the distinctive gold jackets they receive during the induction ceremony. Between four and eight new inductees are normally enshrined every year. There will be no event in 2020 because of the coronavirus pandemic.  For 2021, an additional 15 members, known as the "Centennial Slate", were inducted into the Hall of Fame to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the NFL

By metmike - Sept. 11, 2020, 12:01 a.m.
Like Reply

September 10, 2020.......tomorrow is the date that we all remember )-:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_10


1960 – At the Summer Olympics in Rome, Abebe Bikila becomes the first sub-Saharan African to win a gold medal, winning the marathon in bare feet.


2017Hurricane Irma makes landfall on Cudjoe Key, Florida as a Category 4, after causing catastrophic damage throughout the Caribbean. Irma resulted in 134 deaths and $64.76 billion (2017 USD) in damage.

By metmike - Sept. 13, 2020, 12:46 a.m.
Like Reply
By metmike - Sept. 13, 2020, 12:48 a.m.
Like Reply

September 12, 2020

Read and learn about history. Pick out a good one:


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_12


1988Hurricane Gilbert devastates Jamaica; it turns towards Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula two days later, causing an estimated $5 billion in damage.


Noteworthy hurricanes from September 11 that got pushed aside to focus on the terrorist attacks anniversary:



By metmike - Sept. 13, 2020, 12:49 a.m.
Like Reply

Hurricane Gilbert


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Gilbert

 

Source: HURD
hPainHg
RankHurricaneSeasonPressure
Most intense Atlantic hurricanes
1Wilma200588226.05
2Gilbert198888826.23
3"Labor Day"193589226.34
4Rita200589526.43
5Allen198089926.55
6Camille196990026.58
7Katrina200590226.64
8Mitch199890526.73
Dean2007
10Maria201790826.81


By metmike - Sept. 15, 2020, 2:16 a.m.
Like Reply

September 14, 2020



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_14

1901 – U.S. President William McKinley dies after being mortally wounded on September 6 by anarchist Leon Czolgosz and is succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt.

1994 – The Major League Baseball season is canceled because of a strike.



By metmike - Sept. 20, 2020, 3:06 a.m.
Like Reply

September 20, 2020



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_20



  • 2007 – Between 15,000 and 20,000 protesters marched on Jena, Louisiana, in support of six black youths who had been convicted of assaulting a white classmate..


  • 2011 – The United States military ends its "Don't ask, don't tell" policy, allowing gay men and women to serve openly for the first time.




By metmike - Sept. 20, 2020, 3:10 a.m.
Like Reply

On Greta and the fake climate crisis:


 Finally a real expert telling us the truth about Covid19: Greta on CNN. Scaring and converting children into the climate crisis cult.  Eco-anxiety in children. Greta controlled as the United Nation's climate activist puppet. Failed predictions of the UN and past climate crisis religion high priests, like Al Gore. Showing the truth with actual data/observations vs telling people to listen to the fake science. May 2020. https://www.marketforum.com/forum/topic/52100/


What the "Climate Crisis" is really all about:   Greta Thunberg is a Marxist. Climate religion(fake climate emergency) and the propaganda is all about converting us to global socialism.  December 2019

https://www.marketforum.com/forum/topic/43757/           


Teen Climate Activist Speaks To Congress:   Blatant scientific fraudulence and child abuse used as the latest scheme to push the extreme propaganda. September 2019

https://www.marketforum.com/forum/topic/39525/           


More climate truths/facts here:  https://www.marketforum.com/forum/topic/27864/


By metmike - Sept. 24, 2020, 2:51 a.m.
Like Reply

September 24, 2020


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_24

  • 1929Jimmy Doolittle performs the first flight without a window, proving that full instrument flying from take off to landing is possible.
  • 1932 – Gandhi and Dr. Ambedkar agree to the Poona Pact, which reserved seats in the Indian provincial legislatures for the "Depressed Classes" (Untouchables).

1996 – Representatives of 71 nations sign the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty at the United Nations.

2005Hurricane Rita makes landfall in the United States, devastating portions of southwestern Louisiana and extreme southeastern Texas.

2019 – An impeachment inquiry is initiated by the United States House of Representatives against President Donald Trump.



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Doolittle

James Harold Doolittle (December 14, 1896 – September 27, 1993) was an American military general and aviation pioneer. He made early coast-to-coast flights, won many flying races, and helped develop instrument flying.[1]


By metmike - Sept. 28, 2020, 1:56 a.m.
Like Reply

September 29, 2020


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_29


2004 – The asteroid 4179 Toutatis passes within four lunar distances of Earth.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4179_Toutatis

4179 Toutatis, provisional designation 1989 AC, is an elongated, stony asteroid and slow rotator, classified as near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo and Alinda group, approximately 2.5 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by French astronomer Christian Pollas at Caussols in 1989, the asteroid was named after Toutatis from Celtic mythology.[1][2]

By metmike - Sept. 30, 2020, 11:06 p.m.
Like Reply

September 30, 2020


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_30

1882 – Thomas Edison's first commercial hydroelectric power plant (later known as Appleton Edison Light Company) begins operation.

1962James Meredith enters the University of Mississippi, defying racial segregation rules.

1968 – The Boeing 747 is rolled out and shown to the public for the first time.

2016Hurricane Matthew becomes a Category 5 hurricane, making it the strongest hurricane to form in the Caribbean Sea since 2007

By metmike - Oct. 7, 2020, 2:17 p.m.
Like Reply


October 7, 2020


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_7

By metmike - Oct. 13, 2020, 11:46 a.m.
Like Reply

Lucky October 13, 2020

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_13


  • 1775 – The Continental Congress establishes the Continental Navy (predecessor of the United States Navy).
  • 1792 – In Washington, D.C., the cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House since 1818) is laid.

1903 – The Boston Red Sox win the first modern World Series, defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the eighth game.


By metmike - Oct. 13, 2020, 11:56 a.m.
Like Reply

metmike: Anybody that follows long distance running(and many that don't) know how incredible the Kenyans are.

How One Kenyan Tribe Produces The World's Best Runners

https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/11/01/241895965/how-one-kenyan-tribe-produces-the-worlds-best-runners


"If you look at it statistically, it sort of becomes laughable," says David Epstein, senior editor at Sports Illustrated and author of the new book The Sports Gene.

   

He says that while we tend to think of Kenyans as really good distance runners, all these runners are actually from the same tribe of Kenyans known as the Kalenjin. They number around 5 million, making them a small minority, even in Kenya, yet they dominate most of the world's long-distance races.

   

   

"There are 17 American men in history who have run under 2:10 in the marathon," Epstein says. "There were 32 Kalenjin who did it in October of 2011."

   

The Role Of Genetics

   

Scientists and sports gurus have proposed all sorts of explanations over the years for Kalenjin prowess on the track: from their high-starch diet, to the altitude, to socioeconomics.

   

All those factors are important, but none of them explain why this particular tribe is so dominant. That left Epstein when he was writing his book exploring a more controversial line of inquiry: Is there something genetically different about the Kalenjin that makes them superior runners?

                           

                    

                        

                Kenya's Wilson Kipsang set a world marathon record when he won the Berlin Marathon on Sept. 29 in 2 hours, 3 minutes and 23 seconds. He is Kalenjin, a group that has produced many of the world's best distance runners.                                                            

                                             John MacDougall/AFP/Getty Images             

Asking that question almost convinced Epstein to back out of his book contract. He realized he'd have to address sensitive questions of ethnic and racial differences. Academics told him they had evidence of genetic advantage but wouldn't share their research with him for fear they'd lose their jobs. "And these were professors with tenure," he says.

   

But some scientists did talk to him; and they explained one aspect of innate biology that clearly helps Kalenjin: the shape of their bodies.

   

Kalenjin have particularly thin ankles and calves, a body build common to Nilotic tribes who grow up near the equator. Epstein says this is particularly important in running because your leg is like a pendulum. The more weight you have farther away from your center of gravity, the more difficult it is to swing.

   

If you take a runner and put 8 pounds of weight around his waist, he can still run reasonably well. But if you put those same 8 pounds in the form of two 4-pound weights around his ankles, that will take much more energy and slow him down considerably.

   

Epstein says body type confers its greatest advantage among elite athletes, where other differences — in training, in aerobic capacity — are minimal. In fact, he says if you were to go to the Olympic starting line and measure everyone's ankles and calves before the race, you could predict, statistically, who's likely to win."


Kenya: Born to Run | Boundless

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0V9_2KG6xKQ

Inside Kenya (Episode One)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vo5v4Om1vus


How One Kenyan Village Fuels The World’s Fastest Distance Runners | Feed The Flame

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1MnKDYRt9U

By metmike - Oct. 16, 2020, 1:38 a.m.
Like Reply

October 16, 2020

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_16


By metmike - Oct. 16, 2020, 1:47 a.m.
Like Reply

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Hurricane_of_1780

The Great Hurricane of 1780, also known as Huracán San Calixto, the Great Hurricane of the Antilles, and the 1780 Disaster,[1][2] is the deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record. An estimated  22,000 people died throughout the Lesser Antilles when the storm passed through them from October 10–16.[3] Specifics on the hurricane's track and strength are unknown because the official Atlantic hurricane database only goes back to 1851.[4]

The hurricane struck Barbados likely as a Category 5 hurricane, with at least one estimate of wind speeds as high as 200 mph (320 km/h)[5] (greater than any in recorded Atlantic basin history)



See also: List of deadliest Atlantic hurricanes
RankHurricaneSeasonFatalities
Deadliest Atlantic hurricanes
1"Great Hurricane"178022,000–27,501
2Mitch199811,374+
3Fifi19748,210–10,000
4"Galveston"19008,000–12,000
5Flora19637,193
6"Pointe-à-Pitre"17766,000+
7"Okeechobee"19284,112+
8"Newfoundland"17754,000–4,163
9"Monterrey"19094,000
10"Dominican Republic"19302,000–8,000


This was also during "The Little Ice Age" and major global cooling, as were #6 and #8 on the list above.

In  recent years, evacuations have saved many lives that were lost in the past because:

1. They didn't know the hurricane was coming until it hit.

2. In most situations, they didn't have much ability to vacate a great distance to a safer location, even if they knew the hurricane was coming. 

By metmike - Oct. 18, 2020, 2:33 a.m.
Like Reply

October 18, 2020


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_18

1775African-American poet Phillis Wheatley is freed from slavery.


1867 – United States takes possession of Alaska after purchasing it from Russia for $7.2 million. Celebrated annually in the state as Alaska Day.


1954Texas Instruments announces the first transistor radio.


By metmike - Oct. 22, 2020, 12:20 a.m.
Like Reply

October 21, 2020


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_21


1824Portland cement is patented.


1921 – President Warren G. Harding delivers the first speech by a sitting U.S. president against lynching in the deep South.


1959   – President Eisenhower approves the transfer of all US Army space-related activities to NASA, including most of the Army Ballistic Missile Agency.

By metmike - Oct. 22, 2020, 12:36 a.m.
Like Reply

metmike:  Been working all month on a project, re mortaring a 900 square foot brick patio and this one caught my eye!



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland_cement

Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world as a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco, and non-specialty grout. It was developed from other types of hydraulic lime in England in the early 19th century by Joseph Aspdin, and usually originates from limestone. It is a fine powder, produced by heating limestone and clay minerals in a kiln to form clinker, grinding the clinker, and adding 2 to 3 percent of gypsum.  Several types of Portland cement are available. The most common, called ordinary Portland cement (OPC), is grey, but white Portland cement is also available. Its name is derived from its resemblance to Portland stone which was quarried on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. It was named by Joseph Aspdin who obtained a patent for it in 1824. However, his son William Aspdin is regarded as the inventor of "modern" Portland cement due to his developments in the 1840s.[1]

Portland cement is caustic, so it can cause chemical burns.[2] The powder can cause irritation or, with severe exposure, lung cancer, and can contain a number of hazardous components, including crystalline silica and hexavalent chromium. Environmental concerns are the high energy consumption required to mine, manufacture, and transport the cement, and the related air pollution, including the release of greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide), dioxin, NOx, SO2, and particulates. The production of Portland cement contributes to about 10% of world carbon dioxide emission.[3] The International Energy Agency has estimated that cement production will increase by between 12 and 23% by 2050 to meet the needs of the world's growing population.[4] There are several ongoing researches targeting a suitable replacement of Portland cement by supplementary cementitious materials.[5]

The low cost and widespread availability of the limestone, shales, and other naturally-occurring materials used in Portland cement make it one of the lowest-cost materials widely used over the last century. Concrete produced from Portland cement is one of the world's most versatile construction materials.

By metmike - Oct. 29, 2020, 1:17 a.m.
Like Reply



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_29


1792Mount Hood (Oregon) is named after Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood by Lt. William E. Broughton who sighted the mountain near the mouth of the Willamette River.


1929 – The New York Stock Exchange crashes in what will be called the Crash of '29 or "Black Tuesday", ending the Great Bull Market of the 1920s and beginning the Great Depression.

1969 – The first-ever computer-to-computer link is established on ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet.


1998   – Hurricane Mitch, the second deadliest Atlantic hurricane in history, makes landfall in Honduras.


  • 2012Hurricane Sandy hits the east coast of the United States, killing 148 directly and 138 indirectly, while leaving nearly $70 billion in damages and causing major power outages.
  • 2015China announces the end of One-child policy after 35 years.
By metmike - Oct. 29, 2020, 1:30 a.m.
Like Reply



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929


  The Dow Jones Industrial Average, 1928–1930




Overall Price Index[citation needed]on Wall Street from just before the crash in 1929 to 1932 when the price bottomed out


The "Roaring Twenties", the decade following World War I that led to the crash,[2] was a time of wealth and excess. Building on post-war optimism, rural Americans migrated to the cities in vast numbers throughout the decade with the hopes of finding a more prosperous life in the ever-growing expansion of America's industrial sector.[3] While American cities prospered, however, the overproduction of agricultural produce created widespread financial despair among American farmers throughout the decade,[3] which was later blamed as one of the key factors that led to the 1929 stock market crash.[4]

Despite the dangers of speculation, it was widely believed that the stock market would continue to rise forever: on March 25, 1929, after the Federal Reserve warned of excessive speculation, a small crash occurred as investors started to sell stocks at a rapid pace, exposing the market's shaky foundation.[5] Two days later, banker Charles E. Mitchell announced that his company, the National City Bank, would provide $25 million in credit to stop the market's slide.[5] Mitchell's move brought a temporary halt to the financial crisis, and call money declined from 20 to 8 percent.[5] However, the American economy showed ominous signs of trouble:[5] steel production declined, construction was sluggish, automobile sales went down, and consumers were building up high debts because of easy credit.[5] 

Despite all the economic warning signs and the market breaks in March and May 1929, stocks resumed their advance in June and the gains continued almost unabated until early September 1929 (the Dow Jones average gained more than 20% between June and September). The market had been on a nine-year run that saw the Dow Jones Industrial Average increase in value tenfold, peaking at 381.17 on September 3, 1929.[5] Shortly before the crash, economist Irving Fisher famously proclaimed "Stock prices have reached what looks like a permanently high plateau."[6] The optimism and the financial gains of the great bull market were shaken after a well-publicized early September prediction from financial expert Roger Babson that "a crash is coming, and it may be terrific".[7] The initial September decline was thus called the "Babson Break" in the press. That was the start of the Great Crash, but until the severe phase of the crash in October, many investors regarded the September "Babson Break" as a "healthy correction" and buying opportunity.

On September 20, the London Stock Exchange crashed when top British investor Clarence Hatry and many of his associates were jailed for fraud and forgery.[8] The London crash greatly weakened the optimism of American investment in markets overseas:[8] in the days leading up to the crash, the market was severely unstable. Periods of selling and high volumes were interspersed with brief periods of rising prices and recovery.


Selling intensified in mid-October. On October 24, "Black Thursday", the market lost 11 percent of its value at the opening bell on very heavy trading.[9] The huge volume meant that the report of prices on the ticker tape in brokerage offices around the nation was hours late and so investors had no idea what most stocks were actually trading for. Several leading Wall Street bankers met to find a solution to the panic and chaos on the trading floor.[10] T


DateChange% ChangeClose
Dow Jones Industrial Average on Black Monday and Black Tuesday[17]
October 28, 1929−38.33−12.82260.64
October 29, 1929−30.57−11.73230.07


Together, the 1929 stock market crash and the Great Depression formed the largest financial crisis of the 20th century.[39] The panic of October 1929 has come to serve as a symbol of the economic contraction that gripped the world during the next decade.[40] The falls in share prices on October 24 and 29, 1929 were practically instantaneous in all financial markets, except Japan.[41]

By metmike - Nov. 2, 2020, 12:02 a.m.
Like Reply

Welcome to November!


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2


1920 – In the United States, KDKA of Pittsburgh starts broadcasting as the first commercial radio station. The first broadcast is the result of the 1920 United States presidential election.


1983 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs a bill creating Martin Luther King, Jr. Day.


2016 – The Chicago Cubs defeat the Cleveland Indians in the World Series, ending the longest Major League Baseball championship drought at 108 years.